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For one, it may have been the date of Nanak's enlightenment or "spiritual birth" in 1496, as suggested by the Dabestan-e Mazaheb. There may be several reasons for the adoption of the Kattak birthdate by the Sikh community. The earliest record of such a celebration in Nankana Sahib is from 1868 CE.
JAPJI SAHIB TRANSLATION FULL
However, the anniversary of Nanak's birth-the Gurpurab ( gur + purab, 'celebration')-subsequently came to be celebrated on the full moon day of the Kattak month in November. In as late as 1815, during the reign of Ranjit Singh, the festival commemorating Nanak's birthday was held in April at the place of his birth, known by then as Nankana Sahib. This further suggests that he was born in the month of Vaisakh (April), not Kattak (November). The Sikh records state that Nanak died on the 10th day of the Asauj month of Samvat 1596 (22 September 1539 CE), at the age of 70 years, 5 months, and 7 days. These include the Puratan ('traditional' or 'ancient') janamsakhi, Miharban janamsakhi, Gyan-ratanavali by Bhai Mani Singh, and the Vilayat Vali janamsakhi. Most janamsakhis ( ਜਨਮਸਾਖੀ, 'birth stories'), or traditional biographies of Nanak, mention that he was born on the third day of the bright lunar fortnight, in the Baisakh month (April) of Samvat 1526.
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Nanak was born on 15 April 1469 at Rāi Bhoi Kī Talvaṇḍī village (present-day Nankana Sahib, Punjab, Pakistan) in the Lahore province of the Delhi Sultanate, although according to one tradition, he was born in the Indian month of Kārtik or November, known as Kattak in Punjabi. The Gurdwara Janam Asthan in Nankana Sahib, Pakistan, commemorates the site where Nanak is believed to have been born. It is part of Sikh religious belief that the spirit of Nanak's sanctity, divinity, and religious authority had descended upon each of the nine subsequent Gurus when the Guruship was devolved on to them. Nanak's words are registered in the form of 974 poetic hymns, or shabda, in the holy text of Sikhism, the Guru Granth Sahib, with some of the major prayers being the Japji Sahib ( jap, 'to recite' ji and sahib are suffixes signifying respect) the Asa di Var ('ballad of hope') and the Sidh Gosht ('discussion with the Siddhas'). With this concept, he would set up a unique spiritual, social, and political platform based on equality, fraternal love, goodness, and virtue. Nanak is said to have travelled far and wide across Asia teaching people the message of ik onkar ( ੴ, 'one God'), who dwells in every one of his creations and constitutes the eternal Truth. His birth is celebrated worldwide as Guru Nanak Gurpurab on Katak Pooranmashi ('full-moon of Kattak'), i.e. Gurū Nānak ( Punjabi pronunciation:, pronunciation born as Nānak on 15 April 1469 – 22 September 1539), also referred to as Bābā Nānak ('father Nānak'), was the founder of Sikhism and is the first of the ten Sikh Gurus.